Ultra-small electrolytic capacitors are widely used in various circuits.
Release time:
2022-07-28
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Ultra-small electrolytic capacitors are widely used in a variety of circuits. Since the insulating layer of these capacitors is formed by an extremely thin oxide film on the metal electrodes, they can achieve very high capacitance—ranging from several microfarads to several farads. They are employed in power supply energy-storage and filtering circuits where precision requirements are relatively low but high capacitance is essential.
Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor Capacitors are widely used in various types of circuits. Since the insulating layer of a capacitor is formed by an extremely thin oxide film on the metal electrodes, these capacitors can achieve very high capacitance values—ranging from several microfarads to several farads. They are commonly employed in power supply energy-storage and filtering circuits, where the requirements for circuit precision are relatively low, but the demand for large capacitance is high.
It usually stands out from the crowd on the circuit board because of its large size; it’s often packaged in an aluminum case and a cylindrical shape. In one corner of the circuit board below, there are three electrolytic capacitors.
Ultra-small aluminum electrolytic capacitors on the circuit board.
Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor Actually, there are two main categories: ordinary liquid-aluminum electrolytic capacitors and solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitors. How can you tell them apart, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? You’ll find out after reading the following introduction.
The fundamental difference between solid ultra-small electrolytic capacitors and liquid-electrolyte capacitors lies in the distinction of their dielectric materials. Liquid-electrolyte capacitors use an electrolyte as their dielectric material, whereas solid capacitors employ conductive polymers. This fundamental difference directly gives solid capacitors a significant advantage: they are less prone to explosion.
Overvoltage burst process of liquid electrolytic capacitors.
Players who’ve used liquid-electrolyte capacitors may know one thing: If a liquid-electrolyte capacitor is used for an extended period, its service life will no longer be reliable. Once its service life reaches its end, it can easily explode. Although this explosion isn’t particularly frightening—it’s just an overflow of electrolyte after the rupture—when it does explode, you’ll hear a loud “boom” sound. And that sound really doesn’t sound good at all.
Therefore, solid-state capacitors have the advantages of excellent stability, low impedance, and environmental friendliness. Liquid electrolytic capacitors, on the other hand, offer high cost-effectiveness and high voltage resistance. If you don't consider the price, solid-state capacitors are actually far superior to liquid electrolytic capacitors.
With solid-state Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor Device (left): Standard electrolytic capacitor (right)
Since liquid electrolytic capacitors are prone to explosion when they fail, solid-state capacitors typically have a K or + anti-explosion slot on their top.
Because solid-state electrolytic capacitors use conductive polymers as the electrode-layer conductor, their conductivity is significantly higher than that of liquid electrolytes. Consequently, their equivalent series resistance (ESR)—the series equivalent resistance— is very low, which in turn leads to lower capacitor losses. Normally, this characteristic is not particularly noticeable; however, in high-power, high-frequency circuits, especially for power-filtering capacitors, the lower the ESR, the better. In fact, at high frequencies, the low ESR of solid-state electrolytic capacitors represents a significant advantage.
If you have any questions after reading the article, feel free to contact our company for consultation.
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Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor
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