How is the quality of ultra-small electrolytic capacitor products?
Release time:
2022-07-05
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Ultra-small electrolytic capacitors are indispensable electronic components in circuits, serving functions such as energy storage, filtering, decoupling, bypassing AC signals, and AC coupling in AC-DC circuits. There are many types of ultra-small electrolytic capacitors. We need to understand the performance specifications and general characteristics of each type.
Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor It is an indispensable electronic component in circuits, serving functions such as energy storage, filtering, decoupling, bypassing AC signals, and AC coupling between AC and DC circuits. There are many types of ultra-small electrolytic capacitors. We need to understand the performance specifications and general characteristics of various types of ultra-small electrolytic capacitors, as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations in specific applications. According to their structure and capacitance, they can be classified into fixed capacitors, variable capacitors, and trimmer capacitors. Based on the dielectric material, they can be divided into ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with inorganic dielectrics, ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with organic dielectrics, and ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with electrolytic dielectrics; as well as ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with gaseous dielectrics, ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with liquid dielectrics, and ultra-small electrolytic capacitors with solid dielectrics.
Capacitors are classified into polarized and non-polarized types. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors. On computer motherboards, we often see ceramic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors have excellent overall performance and can be used in high-frequency devices operating at GHz frequencies, such as CPUs and GPUs. Of course, they are also quite expensive.
Single-piece ceramic capacitors, commonly known as chip capacitors, are currently one of the most widely used types of capacitors. Multilayer ceramic ultra-small electrolytic capacitors use ceramics as their base material. Through a complex and highly precise manufacturing process, multiple pairs of electrodes can be integrated into an extremely small space. For example, Fenghua High-Tech’s chip capacitors can achieve dimensions as small as 1.0 mm in length and 0.5 mm in width. The aluminum and tantalum capacitors that many of you are familiar with are actually both types of electrolytic capacitors. Here are the performance characteristics of ultra-small electrolytic capacitors:
1. The capacitance per unit volume is exceptionally high—dozens to hundreds of times greater than that of other types of capacitors.
2. The rated capacitance can be very large, easily reaching tens of thousands of μF or even several farads (though it cannot be compared with that of a double-layer capacitor).
3. Low price.
Traditional electrolysis Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor The classification methods, based on the anode material, are as follows:
1. Ultra-small aluminum electrolytic capacitors (CL) are polarized components, constructed by winding together an aluminum foil coated with an oxide film (the positive electrode), a backing paper impregnated with electrolyte, and a cathode foil (the negative electrode). Capacitance ranges from 0.47 to 10,000 μF; rated voltages range from 6.3 to 450 V. Their advantages include a wide capacitance range, while their disadvantages include large capacitance tolerances (allowable deviation of +100% to -20%), poor high-temperature performance, and susceptibility to failure over prolonged storage periods. They also exhibit high dielectric losses and significant leakage current. These capacitors are primarily used for power filtering, low-frequency coupling, decoupling, bypassing, time-constant setting, and DC blocking. Visual identification: The external packaging is tubular and upright, with an aluminum casing encased in a blue or black plastic sleeve. Whether mounted using surface-mount technology (SMT—commonly referred to as "chip capacitors," identifiable by the black rubber base), through-hole mounting, or encapsulated in resin, as long as the anode material is aluminum, the component is classified as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The packaging method of ultra-small electrolytic capacitors is not directly related to the quality of the capacitors themselves; rather, the performance of these capacitors depends solely on their specific model.
2. Tantalum electrolytic capacitor (CA): Capacitance: 0.1–1000 μF; Rated voltage: 6.3–125 V
Key features: Lower losses and leakage current compared to aluminum electrolytic ultra-small electrolytic capacitors. Applications: Replacing aluminum electrolytic ultra-small electrolytic capacitors in circuits with stringent requirements. The anode is made of tantalum—a yellow or black granular material commonly found in graphics cards.
Since the dielectric of tantalum capacitors is tantalum pentoxide formed after anodic oxidation, its dielectric constant ε is higher than that of aluminum capacitors, which use aluminum oxide as their dielectric. Therefore, for the same capacitance, tantalum capacitors can be made smaller in size than aluminum capacitors.
Electrolysis Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor The capacitance depends on the dielectric constant and volume of the medium. For a given capacitance, the higher the dielectric constant, the smaller the volume that can be used; conversely, the lower the dielectric constant, the larger the volume required.
Currently, many tantalum electrolytic capacitors use surface-mount technology, and their casings are typically encapsulated with resin (capacitors with the same type of encapsulation may also be aluminum electrolytic capacitors).
Keywords:
Ultra-small electrolytic capacitor
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